Heat stress is a leading cause of weather-related deaths and can exacerbate underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma. It can also contribute to the transmission of certain infectious diseases.
Understanding heat-related illnesses
Common heat-related illnesses include:
- Dehydration
- Heat cramps
- Heat exhaustion
- Heat stroke
Certain groups are at a higher risk of heat-related illnesses, including:
- Adults over 65 years old
- Babies and young children
- Individuals with chronic health conditions
- Overweight individuals
- People working in hot or poorly ventilated areas
- Visitors unaccustomed to hot climates
How the body responds to heat
The body regulates heat through vasodilation, where blood flow is redistributed towards the skin to aid cooling. This process forces the heart to work harder, which can be dangerous for individuals with heart conditions, potentially leading to cardiovascular collapse.
Excessive sweating can also cause dehydration, increasing the risk of acute kidney damage if proper rehydration is not maintained.
Precautions to take during extreme heat
- Stay hydrated – Drink at least 1.5 to 2 litres of water per day, even if you do not feel thirsty. Individual needs may vary.
- Cool your body – Take showers, baths, or use a wet towel to cool down.
- Use a fan or cooling centres – However, be cautious if you have respiratory conditions.
- Avoid alcohol, sugary and caffeinated drinks – These contribute to dehydration.
- Limit outdoor activities – Stay indoors whenever possible.
- Eat light and healthy – Opt for easily digestible foods such as fruits and salads.
- Wear loose-fitting, light-coloured clothing – Avoid black or dark colours that absorb heat.
- Protect yourself from the sun – Use sunscreen and wear a hat when outside.
- Ensure proper food storage – Keep perishable foods refrigerated and avoid leaving them out in the heat.
Recognising and managing heat exhaustion
If you or someone around you experiences:
- Heavy sweating
- Pale skin
- A fast, weak heartbeat
- Fast, shallow breathing
- Muscle cramps or weakness
- Nausea or vomiting
Take immediate action:
- Move to a cool place
- Remove tight or excess clothing
- Take small sips of cool water
- Massage limbs to relieve cramps
- Use ice packs under the armpits, groin, and neck to cool the body
Stay informed, stay safe!
Raising awareness about heat-related health risks is crucial. Let’s all take care and stay safe during these extreme weather conditions!
Dr Lulu contact: healthdiaries@yahoo.com
